Reviving three tax incentives that businesses have lost in recent years has been crucial for many as a Republican-run Washington attempts to implement the party’s massive tax and spending plan.
These include instant and full tax deductions for qualifying equipment purchases, an enhanced deduction for loan-interest payments, and immediate and full tax deductions for research and development costs.
They are not among the elements that are anticipated to encounter opposition in the Senate, and they were included in the version of the GOP’s One Big Beautiful Bill Act that passed the House of Representatives on May 22. “Not only is it kind of a fundamental belief that they want these business provisions in, but they also see it as sort of critical to generating positive economic effects from implementation of the bill,” stated Christopher Niebuhr, a senior research analyst at Beacon Policy Advisors, referring to important Republicans in the House and Senate. All three tax cuts are anticipated to be in effect through 2029 or 2030 and to be retroactive to the beginning of 2025.
After delays last year, it looks like the long wait for these three tax benefits is almost over. A bipartisan legislative package that sought to improve a child tax credit and restore the three company tax benefits was approved by the GOP-controlled House in January 2024. However, GOP resistance caused the plan to fail in the Democratic-controlled Senate, and Washington next looked to the elections that fall. Some Senate Republicans believed that if their party won control of the Senate, House, and White House in 2025, they would be able to pass legislation that they would prefer.
One notable modification to this year’s law is the expansion of the definition of equipment to include some factories.
According to James Lucier, an analyst and managing director at Capital Alpha Partners, the GOP megabill’s expensing factory structures provision is “by far the most important new provision” for investors. “Could lead to a boom in construction,” Lucier emailed MarketWatch.
According to Niebuhr at Beacon, the factory deduction is probably a stand-in for one pledge made by President Donald Trump during his 2024 campaign. The corporate tax rate for domestic manufacturers was promised to decrease from 21% to 15%. The plan that was approved by the House instead includes breaks for manufacturing and research and development since it could have been challenging to set up.
Currently, businesses must spread out their R&D spending deductions over a period of five years. In 2022, a provision from Trump’s 2017 tax code went into effect, requiring businesses to spread out their deductions. Prior to that year, businesses could deduct 100% of their research expenses.
Similar to this, the 2017 law initially allowed businesses to instantly deduct 100% of the cost of some equipment acquisitions from their taxes. However, that benefit began to phase off in 2023, and the deduction is now 40%.
One of the organizations advocating for the corporate break, which has to do with a more generous manner to deduct loan-interest charges, is a manufacturer lobbying group. A lot of firms take out loans to invest in buildings and equipment, according to the National Association of firms. Since 2022, when a more stringent restriction on the deductibility of interest payments on business loans come into force, they have been let down.
Evercore ISI analysts stressed in a note that the House GOP’s megabill “does not include a broad-based corporate tax cut that some expected and that Trump highlighted on the campaign.” The package will be “modestly simulative over the next few years,” according to Wolfe Research analysts, although this “may fall short of the hoped-for economic impact from the bill.”
The 2017 tax cut package, which increased corporate earnings and propelled the SPX to successive all-time highs, was Trump’s showpiece piece of legislation during his first term. Many investors have been anticipating a follow-up.
